GCS Amplitude
GCS Amplitude

Configuration Sections

this happens only in versions greater or

equal 2.4.0.

Woops! This section will have no effect Require all granted Require not host badguy.example.com

There are two basic types of containers. Most containers are evaluated for each request. The enclosed directives are applied only for those requests that match the containers. The

containers, on the other hand, are evaluated only at server startup and restart. If their conditions are true at startup, then the enclosed directives will apply to all requests. If the conditions are not true, the enclosed directives will be ignored.

directive encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate parameter is defined on the

command line. For example, with the following configuration, all requests will be redirected to another site only if the server is started using httpdhttpd -DClosedForNow

Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/

directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will only be applied if a particular module is available in the server. The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it must be dynamically compiled and its

line must be earlier in the configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages about missing modules.LoadModule

MimeMagicFile conf/magic

, except it encloses directives that will only be applied if a particular version of the server is executing. This module is designed for the use in test suites and large networks which have to deal with different httpd versions and different configurations.

can apply negative conditions by preceding their test with "!". Also, these sections can be nested to achieve more complex restrictions.

The most commonly used configuration section containers are the ones that change the configuration of particular places in the filesystem or webspace. First, it is important to understand the difference between the two. The filesystem is the view of your disks as seen by your operating system. For example, in a default install, Apache httpd resides at /usr/local/apache2

in the Unix filesystem or "c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"

in the Windows filesystem. (Note that forward slashes should always be used as the path separator in Apache httpd configuration files, even for Windows.) In contrast, the webspace is the view of your site as delivered by the web server and seen by the client. So the path /dir/

in the webspace corresponds to the path /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dir/

in the filesystem of a default Apache httpd install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to the filesystem, since webpages may be generated dynamically from databases or other locations.

section apply to the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that directory (as well as the files in those directories). The same effect can be obtained using .htaccess files. For example, in the following configuration, directory indexes will be enabled for the /var/web/dir1

Alias /foo/bar /srv/www/uncommon/bar Alias /foo /srv/www/common/foo

ProxyPass /special-area http://special.example.com smax=5 max=10 ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On

from the C standard library. The character "" matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character, and "[seq]" matches any character in seq*. The "/" character will not be matched by any wildcard; it must be specified explicitly.

A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of all user directories could look as follows:

Options Indexes

Require all denied

[^/]+)> require ldap-group cn=%{env:SITENAME},ou=combined,o=Example

Require all denied

directive, in contrast, will apply to any content served from that location, regardless of how it is called. (An exception is filesystem links. The same directory can be placed in more than one part of the filesystem using symbolic links. The

directive will follow the symbolic link without resetting the pathname. Therefore, for the highest level of security, symbolic links should be disabled with the appropriate

If you are, perhaps, thinking that none of this applies to you because you use a case-sensitive filesystem, remember that there are many other ways to map multiple webspace locations to the same filesystem location. Therefore you should always use the filesystem containers when you can. There is, however, one exception to this rule. Putting configuration restrictions in a

section is perfectly safe because this section will apply to all requests regardless of the specific URL.

Nested sections are merged after non-nested sections of the same type.

container encloses directives that apply to specific hosts. This is useful when serving multiple hosts from the same machine with a different configuration for each. For more information, see the Virtual Host Documentation.

containers apply enclosed configuration directives only to sites accessed through

's proxy server that match the specified URL. For example, the following configuration will prevent the proxy server from being used to access the mod_proxywww.example.com

To find out what directives are allowed in what types of configuration sections, check the Context of the directive. Everything that is allowed in

sections.The configuration sections are applied in a very particular order. Since this can have important effects on how configuration directives are interpreted, it is important to understand how this works.

done simultaneously (with .htaccess

, each group is processed in the order that they appear in the configuration files.

(group 1 above) is processed in the order shortest directory component to longest. So for example,

will be processed before

directive will be treated as if they were inside the including file at the location of the Include

sections are applied after the corresponding sections outside the virtual host definition. This allows virtual hosts to override the main server configuration.

container takes the place of the

Later sections override earlier ones, however each module is responsible for interpreting what form this override takes. A later configuration section with directives from a given module might cause a conceptual "merge" of some directives, all directives, or a complete replacement of the modules configuration with the module defaults and directives explicitly listed in the later context.

sequence performed just before the name translation phase (where Aliases

are used to map URLs to filenames). The results of this sequence are completely thrown away after the translation has completed. Below is an artificial example to show the order of merging. Assuming they all apply to the request, the directives in this example will be applied in the order A > B > C > D > E.

section will be evaluated last and will allow unrestricted access to the server. In other words, order of merging is important, so be careful

Modules | Directives | FAQ | Glossary | Sitemap

Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4

Configuration Sections

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Directives in the configuration files may apply to the entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular directories, files, hosts, or URLs. This document describes how to use configuration section containers or .htaccess files to change the scope of other configuration directives.

.htaccess

Types of Configuration Section Containers

Related Modules

Related Directives

coremod_versionmod_proxy

  • core
  • mod_version
  • mod_proxy
core
mod_version
mod_proxy

The and directives, along with their regex counterparts, apply directives to parts of the filesystem. Directives enclosed in a section apply to the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that directory (as well as the files in those directories). The sam

Directives enclosed in a section apply to any file with the specified name, regardless of what directory it lies in. So for example, the following configuration directives will, when placed in the main section of the configuration file, deny access to any file named private.html regardless o

To address files found in a particular part of the filesystem, the and sections can be combined. For example, the following configuration will deny access to /var/web/dir1/private.html, /var/web/dir1/subdir2/private.html, /var/web/dir1/subdir3/private.html, and any other instance

The directive and its regex counterpart, on the other hand, change the configuration for content in the webspace. For example, the following configuration prevents access to any URL-path that begins in /private. In particular, it will apply to requests for http://yoursite.example.com/priv

The directive need not have anything to do with the filesystem. For example, the following example shows how to map a particular URL to an internal Apache HTTP Server handler provided by mod_status. No file called server-status needs to exist in the filesystem.

In order to have two overlapping URLs one has to consider the order in which certain sections or directives are evaluated. For this would be:

es on the other hand, are mapped vice-versa:

ProxyPass

The same is true for the ProxyPass directives:

The , , and directives can each use shell-style wildcard characters as in fnmatch from the C standard library. The character "*" matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character, and "[seq]" matches any character in seq. The "/" character will not be

If even more flexible matching is required, each container has a regular expression (regex) counterpart , , and that allow perl-compatible regular expressions to be used in choosing the matches. But see the section below on configuration merging to find ou

expressions

Regular expressions containing named groups and backreferences are added to the environment with the corresponding name in uppercase. This allows elements of filename paths and URLs to be referenced from within expressions and modules like mod_rewrite.

The directive change the configuration depending on a condition which can be expressed by a boolean expression. For example, the following configuration denies access if the HTTP Referer header does not start with "http://www.example.com/".

Choosing between filesystem containers and webspace containers is actually quite easy. When applying directives to objects that reside in the filesystem always use or . When applying directives to objects that do not reside in the filesystem (such as a webpage generated from a dat

It is important to never use when trying to restrict access to objects in the filesystem. This is because many different webspace locations (URLs) could map to the same filesystem location, allowing your restrictions to be circumvented. For example, consider the following configuration:

This works fine if the request is for http://yoursite.example.com/dir/. But what if you are on a case-insensitive filesystem? Then your restriction could be easily circumvented by requesting http://yoursite.example.com/DIR/. The directive, in contrast, will apply to any content served fr

Some section types can be nested inside other section types. On the one hand, can be used inside . On the other hand, can be used inside , , and sections. The regex counterparts of the named section behave identically.